Lake Chilwa is the second-largest lake in Malawi after Lake Malawi and one of the country’s most important natural ecosystems. Located in the eastern part of Zomba District near the border with Mozambique, the shallow, endorheic lake stretches approximately 60 kilometres long and 40 kilometres wide. Surrounded by vast wetlands, floodplains and marshes, Lake Chilwa supports thousands of people through fishing, farming and bird-related tourism. At the centre of the lake lies Chisi Island, a culturally significant island known for its ancient baobab trees, traditional communities and rich birdlife.
Unlike Lake Malawi, Lake Chilwa has no outlet, meaning its water levels depend entirely on seasonal rainfall and evaporation. During periods of drought the lake can shrink dramatically, and in 1968 it completely dried up following exceptionally severe dry conditions. Because of its shallow depth and sensitivity to climate change, Lake Chilwa remains one of the most environmentally vulnerable regions in Malawi.
The lake basin is internationally recognised for its ecological importance. In 1997, Lake Chilwa became Malawi’s first Ramsar Site, a Wetland of International Importance, due to its remarkable biodiversity and role as a habitat for migratory and resident bird species. The wetlands attract huge populations of flamingos, pelicans, herons and the rare black egret, while Chisi Island’s towering baobabs provide nesting sites for trumpeter hornbills, fish eagles and several species of snake eagles. The lake also supports a variety of fish species that are vital to local livelihoods and food security.
Conservation and sustainable development projects have played a major role in protecting the lake and surrounding wetlands.
Lake Chilwa remains both an environmental treasure and a lifeline for surrounding communities, balancing ecological significance with the daily livelihoods of the people who depend upon its waters and wetlands.
